本篇講解關(guān)係代名詞的翻譯技巧。關(guān)係代名詞是英文中特有的一種表達(dá)情境或補充說明的手段，許多老美用得爐火純青之后，簡直就把它當(dāng)成連接詞使用，用來接續(xù)說話的邏輯與思緒。

這篇貼文并非講解如何使用關(guān)係代名詞，而是著重于翻譯技巧。版主日后會另闢文法解說的單元，好好講解這個困擾華人、但又極為重要的英文文法觀念。英文關(guān)係代名詞翻譯技巧

下面是版主參考過去上課 ?(王力文教授) 內(nèi)容所整理出來的例句，中文是版主執(zhí)筆翻譯，僅供網(wǎng)友參考。

◎?That is the man whose house has been?burned down.
就是那位男士，他的房子燒毀了。
那位男士的房子燒毀了。

(解析) 如果要強調(diào)男士的話，中文就得重復(fù)翻譯關(guān)係代名詞。

◎?I’ll take whoever wants to go.
誰想去我就帶誰去。

(解析) whoever = anyone who

* You could ask Jane or Mary or whoever really.
你可以去問 Jane 或 Mary，甚至任何人都可以。

◎?I looked at the boy, who was silently watching his fly, and it was my hands that held his rod, my eyes watching.
–? ‘ Once More to the Lake’ by E.?B.?White
我看著兒子靜靜注視那隻蜻蜓。似乎握住他釣竿的，是我的手；而凝視那隻蜻蜓的，是我的眼睛。

(解析)?who 是屬于關(guān)係代名詞的補述用法，說明他兒子的行為。如果去掉逗號改成限定用法，可以會讓人以為他當(dāng)時身邊不只一位兒子。
It was … that … = > 這是一種強調(diào)的寫法。

◎?A pessimist is a man who has been compelled to live with an optimist.? – Elbert Hubbard
所謂悲觀者，就是被迫與樂觀者同住的人。

(解析) 這句話其實是一種“定義”句型 (A *** is a ** who/which/with/without …) ，請網(wǎng)友多加注意。比方說下句：
* A snake is a reptile without legs.

*?A pessimist is a person who has had to listen to too many optimists. – Don Marquis
所謂悲觀者，就是必須要聽從許多樂觀者意見的人。

◎??A man who is not a fool can rid himself of every folly but vanity. – Rousseau
人若不蠢，雖可避免犯下任何愚行，卻不能躲避虛榮。

(解析) A man who is not a fool => If a man is not a fool, …

◎?To a man who is afraid, everything rustles.
人一害怕，草木皆兵。

(解析) 同上一句。

◎?He who does not enjoy solitude will not love freedom.?–?Arthur Schopenhauer
不喜歡獨處的人不會喜歡自由。
人若討厭獨處，便不會喜歡自由。

◎?He who does not prevent a crime when he can, encourages it.?–? Seneca
能制止犯罪而不去行，等于是鼓勵犯罪。

◎?Our most important thoughts are those which contradic our emotions. –?P Valery
我們最重要的思想，是與我們情感衝突的 (思想)。

◎?Vows begin when hope dies. – L Da Vinci
希望一滅，誓言便會出口。
希望破滅，誓約就出現(xiàn)。

(解析) Vows begin at the time when hope dies.

◎ The world,??where much is to be done and little to be known. – S. Johnson
這世界要做的是太多，然而要懂的事卻太少。

◎?We’re living in a world where natural disasters are increaing.
如今世界上的自然災(zāi)害不斷增加。

(解析) 要跳脫英文關(guān)係代名詞的束縛，理解之后以中文語法來翻譯。

◎?A small town is a place where everyone knows whose check is good and?whose husband is not. – Sid Ascheer
小鎮(zhèn)就是這樣的地方：大家都知道誰的支票靠得住，誰的老公靠不住。
小鎮(zhèn)就是如此，彼此都知道誰的支票靠得住，誰的老公不老實。

◎?The most beautiful things are those that madness prompts and reason writes. – A Gide
由瘋狂激發(fā)但靠理智撰寫的作品是最優(yōu)美的。
最優(yōu)美的作品，是由瘋狂激發(fā)但以理智來撰寫。

(解析)?這里最好不要用 which? 來代替 that (即便文法允許)。

◎?I’m lazy. But it’s the lazy people who invented the wheel and the bicycle because they didn’t like walking or carrying things. – Lech Wales
我很懶，但就是因為懶人既不愛走路，又不愛提東西，他們才會發(fā)明輪子與腳踏車。

◎?It may be more convenient to carry traveller’s checks, which are insured against loss.
– Nancy Church and Anne Moss. How to Survive in the U.S.A.
因為旅行支票保有失竊險 (有投保以防止失竊)，攜帶它或許會比較方便。