英文翻譯“現(xiàn)在簡(jiǎn)單式”的使用時(shí)機(jī) (1)

閱讀下面英文時(shí)態(tài)解說之前，版主建議先閱讀‘英文時(shí)態(tài)概論’與‘英文文法翻譯基本概念：動(dòng)詞的基本型態(tài)’，先掌握基本概念，然后再研究細(xì)節(jié)。英文“現(xiàn)在簡(jiǎn)單式”使用時(shí)機(jī)的其他部分在‘英文“現(xiàn)在簡(jiǎn)單式”的使用時(shí)機(jī) (2)’、‘英文“現(xiàn)在簡(jiǎn)單式”的使用時(shí)機(jī) (3)’與‘英文“現(xiàn)在簡(jiǎn)單式”的使用時(shí)機(jī) (4)’。

1.一般用法：

a. 表示恒久不變的真理或一般事實(shí)

Copper is heavier than iron.
(鋼比鐵重。) – 恒久不變的真理

Jupiter is the largest planet within the solar system. It is two and a half times as massive as all of the other planets in our solar system combined.
(木星是太陽(yáng)系最大的行星，其質(zhì)量為太陽(yáng)系其他所有行星總和質(zhì)量的兩倍半。) – 恒久不變的真理

The battery light displays charge status:
Off: The battery is fully charged or not installed.
(電池指示燈顯示充電狀態(tài) //指示燈不亮：電池已經(jīng)充飽或者并未裝上。)
–? (技術(shù)手冊(cè)) 一般事實(shí)

What do frogs eat?
(青蛙吃什幺 ?) – 詢問事實(shí)

We get five days’ Christmas holiday this year.
(今年的耶誕節(jié)連續(xù)放五天。)? – 一般事實(shí)

b.?說明狀態(tài)或能力

My parents live near Denver.
(我的雙親住在丹佛附近。) – 狀態(tài)

I work from nine to five.
(我的工作朝九晚五。) – 狀態(tài)
// (比較) He is working in Saudi Arabia at the moment. (他目前在沙烏地阿拉伯工作。)
– 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行式給人‘變動(dòng)’的印象，因此用于說明‘臨時(shí)或者短暫的’職業(yè)。

I have a bad memory for names. (我不太會(huì)記人名。) – 能力

He plays the?piano.? (他會(huì)彈鋼琴。) – 能力

Do you speak Chinese? (你會(huì)說中文嗎？) – 詢問能力
// (比較) They can speak French. (他們會(huì)說法語(yǔ)。)

I don’t drink. (我不會(huì)喝酒) – 能力
//(比較) I’m not drinking tonight. (我今晚不想喝酒)
– 這句話的意思是：我可能不會(huì)喝酒，也可能會(huì)喝酒，但我待會(huì)不想喝酒。

A: When does the lease expire? (租約何時(shí)期滿?)
B: The lease has four years left to run. (租約還有四年才到期。)
– 雖然是‘日后’才到期，因?yàn)檎f明狀態(tài)，所以可用現(xiàn)在簡(jiǎn)單式。

c. ?表示目前習(xí)慣與例行事項(xiàng)
這是常見情況，因此閱讀文章時(shí)最常遇到現(xiàn)在簡(jiǎn)單式。

John smokes. (約翰會(huì)抽菸 / 約翰是個(gè)有抽菸習(xí)慣的人。)
John never smokes. (約翰從不抽菸。)
John smokes every day. (約翰每天抽菸。)

Don’t believe what he says.
(不要相信他講的話。) – 說這句話表示你指的這個(gè)人不可信 (not to be trusted)。
(比較) Don’t believe what he said. (他先前講什幺都不要相信。)

My?husband usually takes the kids?to the nursery school before he goes to work.
(我先生通常先送小孩上幼稚園，然后再去上班。) – 例行事項(xiàng)

How often do you go to the U.S.? – I go there twice a year.
(你多常去美國(guó)？我一年去兩次。)

He always shouts at employees. (他總是對(duì)員工大吼小叫。)

A married woman usually bears her husband’s surname.
(女子出嫁后通常隨夫姓。)

The cat scratches. (這隻貓愛用爪子亂抓。)

d. 在談話中以狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞或感覺動(dòng)詞表達(dá)意見或看法

I wish I were a millionaire.
(但愿我是個(gè)百萬(wàn)富翁。)

I fear that the recent financial market scandal is only the tip of the iceberg.
(恐怕最近的金融市場(chǎng)丑聞不過是冰山一角而已。)

I feel we may be too late.
(恐怕我們太遲了。)

I believe it to have been a mistake.
(我認(rèn)為這一直就是錯(cuò)的。)

We hope that the re-launched site provides a stimulating and dynamic online environment.
(我們希望重新啟用的網(wǎng)站能夠提供有趣且生動(dòng)的線上環(huán)境。)

我們通常以現(xiàn)在式來(lái)表達(dá)說話時(shí)剛完成的動(dòng)作，常見的情況如下：
2.“立即的”現(xiàn)在簡(jiǎn)單式用法：

a. 動(dòng)作說明、問路指導(dǎo)或操作示范

OK, let’s go over it again. You wait outside the office building until the manager arrives. Then you radio Louis, who’s waiting round the corner, and he drives round to the front entrance. You and Louis grab the manager…
(Practical English Usage by Michael Swan)
(OK，我們?cè)倥芤槐椤Ｄ阍谵k公室大樓外頭等著，經(jīng)理一到，你就用對(duì)講機(jī)通知在街角等候的路易斯，然后他就把車開到前門，你和路易斯就一把抓住經(jīng)理…。) – 動(dòng)作說明

“Hi,?I heard there’s a Chinese restaurant around here. Do you know how to get?there from here?”
(我聽說這附近有中國(guó)餐廳，可以告訴我如何去嗎？)
” Yeah, Chinatown is pretty close to here. Just go to the corner and then take a right. You have to walkt two blocks…?”
(嗯，中國(guó)城離這里不遠(yuǎn)。走到轉(zhuǎn)角處之后右轉(zhuǎn)，你得再經(jīng)過兩條街…。) – 問路說明

Using the TouchPad
To move the pointer, slide your finger across the TouchPad surface in the direction you want the pointer to go.
(Compaq Notebook User’s Guide)
(使用觸控板 //如要移動(dòng)鼠標(biāo)，在觸控板表面朝著你要鼠標(biāo)移動(dòng)的方向滑動(dòng)手指。) – 操作示范

b. 電視或收音機(jī)播報(bào)運(yùn)動(dòng)比賽

The Red Sox wins. (波士頓紅襪隊(duì)贏了。)
//(比較) The Red Sox is wining the AL East. (波士頓紅襪隊(duì)即將贏得美聯(lián)東區(qū)冠軍。)

“The ball is going, going, going, high into the center field stands… and it is a home run!”
(球一直飛、一直飛、一直飛，飛到了中央看臺(tái)。這是一隻全壘打！)
(說明) ‘簡(jiǎn)單式’說明剛完成的動(dòng)作或者報(bào)導(dǎo)時(shí)的現(xiàn)況，而‘ 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行式’則說明時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)作，或者接下來(lái)即將發(fā)生的事情。

“Citation taking the lead… with Faraway in second place… and the others already are trailing so far that you’re glad the distance is a mile and a half! And Citation is pulling away… he’ll have to collapse to lose this race. It is Citation going to win the Belmont Stakes.”
(Citation 保持領(lǐng)先，F(xiàn)araway 處在第二位置，他其馬匹則被拋在后頭苦苦追趕，差了有一哩半！Citation 逐漸拉開距離，除非它摔倒，否則它贏定了比賽。Citation 即將贏得貝蒙錦標(biāo)。)
(說明) ‘簡(jiǎn)單式’說明剛完成的動(dòng)作或者報(bào)導(dǎo)時(shí)的現(xiàn)況，而‘ 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行式’則說明時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)作，或者接下來(lái)即將發(fā)生的事情。

Oxford are drawing slightly ahead of Cambridge now; they’re rowing with a beautiful rhythm; Cambridge are looking a little disorganized…
(牛津隊(duì)目前稍稍領(lǐng)先劍橋隊(duì)，他們正以穩(wěn)健的節(jié)奏持續(xù)向前劃，劍橋隊(duì)看起來(lái)有點(diǎn)慌了手腳…。)

c.?表達(dá)命令、請(qǐng)求或建議

Why don’t you take a day off tomorrow?
(你明天何不請(qǐng)個(gè)假？你明天乾脆請(qǐng)假吧) – 建議

Get out of here! (滾開!) – 命令

Give me a call when you arrive in Taipei.
(到達(dá)臺(tái)北之后，給我打個(gè)電話。) – 請(qǐng)求
//when 后面的附屬子句以現(xiàn)在式說明未來(lái)的情況，請(qǐng)參考有關(guān)附屬子句的說明。

d. here comes… 與 there goes… 的特殊句型

Here comes your wife. (你老婆來(lái)了。)

There goes our bus – we’ll have to wait for the next one.
(巴士跑掉了，我們得等下一班了。)

e.?用文字、數(shù)字或圖片表達(dá)訊息

What does this word say?
(這個(gè)詞是什幺意思？)

It says in the paper that petrol’s going up again.
(報(bào)上說油價(jià)又要漲了。)
//這句話可以改成過去式：It said in the paper that?petrol was going up again.

The label says this sauce is made from tomatoes and garlic.
(標(biāo)籤上寫著這種調(diào)味醬是用番茄和大蒜製成的。)

Does it say in the instruction how much you should use?
(說明書上有沒有指定該用多少？)

f.?其他: 說完動(dòng)作立即發(fā)生 / 發(fā)誓或者許下諾言

“I now declare Hong Kong Disneyland officially open,” said Disney’s Chief Executive Michael Eisner.
美國(guó)迪士尼公司運(yùn)行長(zhǎng) Michael Eisner 說：“我現(xiàn)在宣布，香港迪士尼樂園正式開幕?！?/p>

We wish you a happy new year.
(我們祝你新年快樂。)
//(Here’s) wishing you all the best in your new job. (固定說法)

With great sadness I announce that, effective immediately, I will be leaving RIOY to pursue other interests.
(雖然感到極為難過，我在此宣佈即日起離開 RIOY 團(tuán)隊(duì)去追尋其他夢(mèng)想。)

I enclose (herewith) a check for?$249.
(茲附上249?美金支票一張。)
(說明)
下列是書信中某些固定的說法，以現(xiàn)在式表達(dá)時(shí)較為正式。
We write to advise you… / We are writing to advise you (不正式)
I enclose my check for $200. / I am enclosing my check for $200. (不正式)
I look forward to hearing from you. / I’m looking forward to hearing from you. (不正式)

I promise never to gamble again.
(我保證絕對(duì)不再賭博。)
(I am promsing…)

I sware that I will tell the truth.
(我發(fā)誓絕對(duì)會(huì)說出實(shí)情。)
(I am swearing that…)

We gree.
(我們同意。)
(We are agreeing.)

He denies the charge.
(他否認(rèn)這項(xiàng)指控。)
(He is denying…)

Do you deny that this is your writing?
(你不承認(rèn)這是你的筆跡嗎？)
(Are you denying that…)